Evaluation of Neck-shaft Angle and Anteversion in Dry Femora of Adult Indian Population: A Descriptive Analysis

ORIGINAL ARtIcLeAV exhibits substantial variation among the population, with mean values from 120° to 134° and in apparently normal individuals ranging from approximately 112° to nearly 152°. 5,6Interestingly, race, geology, and climate have minimal influence on the patterns observed in AV and NSA. 7n India, squatting, household hygiene, and other floor-level activities require extreme movement at the hip joint.In terms of evolution and morphology, this distinction results in differences between Indian hips and those in the West.Precise measurements of NSA and AV are essential in the preoperative planning of various IntroductIonSince the mid-19th century, the proximal femoral angles have been of interest in debate in the orthopedic community.To understand the hip joint biomechanics completely, a knowledge of femoral anatomy is essential. 1It serves as a foundation for addressing diverse femoral and hip joint conditions.India possesses a diverse array of cultural, genetic, and morphological characteristics. 2 The role of anteversion (AV) in the normal gait and hip joint stability is crucial.Any deviation in femoral AV can lead to diverse clinical situations.The AV angle is defined as the intersection between the axis of the femoral neck and the retrocondylar axis.Various skeletal studies indicate that the average adult femoral AV typically falls within the range of 7-16°, though Le Damany 3 noted a broader range.AV is affected by evolutionary outcomes, hereditary factors, intrauterine positioning, and biomechanical forces.An elevation in AV is linked to conditions such as apparent genu valgum, medial femoral torsion, cerebral palsy, Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and unsuccessful treatment of congenital hip dislocation.As a result, a reduction in femoral AV is often associated with conditions like rickets, chondrodystrophy, and a labral tear of the acetabulum.The neck-shaft angle (NSA) represents the angle created by the intersection of the long axis of the femur and the head-neck axis.The neck of the femur establishes a connection between the head and the shaft of the femur at an angle of approximately 125°, enabling hip movements and preserving its natural biomechanics.This angle undergoes variations associated with factors such as age, stature, and pelvic width, typically being less in adults, individuals with shorter limbs, and women. 4Femoral