The Influence of Classical and Modern Thought in Sociological Theory on Understanding Social Phenomena

The issue raised in this research is how classical and modern sociological theories can be applied to analyze contemporary social phenomena such as economic inequality, digital transformation, and changes in social structure. The purpose of this research is to understand the contribution of classical sociological theories such as those proposed by Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, as well as explore the relevance and application of modern sociological theories, including critical theory, postmodernism, and feminist theory, in the current social context. The method used is an in-depth literature review, in which various related literatures are analyzed to identify key concepts and practical applications of the theories. The results show that both classical and modern theories offer powerful and relevant analytical frameworks to understand and explain various contemporary social phenomena. Marxian theories provide important insights into economic inequality, Weberian and postmodernist theories help in understanding digital transformation, and Durkheim and modern feminist theories provide an in-depth look at changing social structures.