Vulvovaginitis and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Requesting A Cytobacteriological Examination of Cervical-Vaginal Sampling at the "Si Melon Laboratory" In The City of Yaoundé - Cameroon

Vulvovaginitis, a significant public health issue, poses risks during pregnancy. This study identifies the germs causing vulvovaginitis and their associated factors in pregnant women at the Si Melon Laboratory in Yaoundé, Cameroon. In a 04-week study, vaginal secretions from 55 pregnant women were analyzed using Amsel’s criteria, Nugent’s scoring, and culture techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed via disc diffusion, with statistical significance set at a p-value ≤ 0.05. Of the 55 women included in this study, 72.7% were carriers of germs involved in vulvovaginitis, and 52.7% were infected with at least two. Gardnerella vaginalis (44.5%), Candida albicans (24.7%), and Mobiluncus spp (16%) were predominant. Coinfections were common, particularly Gardnerella vaginalis/Mobiluncus spp (20.8%) and Gardnerella vaginalis/Candida spp (13.8%). Staphylococcus strains were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, and Amoxiclav, while Candida strains responded well to Econazole, Miconazole, Fluconazole, and Nystatin. Poorly maintained underwear and inadequate intimate hygiene were significant factors associated with infection. The study highlights the prevalence of various germs in vulvovaginitis among pregnant women, linked to suboptimal hygiene practices. Emphasizing proper hygiene could prevent potential complications and promote maternal well-being.