Effect of Statins on the Lipid Profile and Biochemical Parameters in the Experimental Models of Hyperlipidemia in Rats

It is known that ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. The most important risk factor for the development of IHD is hyperlipidemia, the correction of which reduces the number of cases of IHD development by 21-43%. Statins play a leading role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and their use is increasing every year, due to their high efficiency and safety. However, as statin use increases, so does the incidence of side effects such as liver dysfunction and myopathy. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of statins on the lipid spectrum (CHOL, LDL, HDL, TRIG) and basic biochemical blood parameters (ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, creatinine kinase, glucose) in experimental hyperlipidemia in rats. The experiments were carried out on mature male rats of the white Wistar breed (n=40). The results of the study showed that the experimental hyperlipidemia method we used reliably increases lipids in blood and this method can be used to study the effectiveness and safety of statins; statins improve the plasma lipid spectrum both in experimental hyperlipidemia and in intact animals, but more significantly in hyperlipidemia; atorvastatin significantly worsens biochemical markers of liver function (ALT, AST) both in comparison with intact animals and with hyperlipidemia, which indicates hepatocyte cytolysis; Atorvastatin does not reliably alter the biochemical indicators of liver cholestasis (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase), indicators of kidney function (creatinine, urea) and glucose levels, but it does significantly increase the level of creatine kinase, one of the indicators of skeletal muscle tone, both in intact animals and with hyperlipidemia.