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In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the biomaterials field aimed at developing calcified tissues and facilitating tissue regeneration. The increasing demand for innovative biomaterials capable of replacing damaged tissues, enhancing the body’s regenerative capacity, and promoting efficient calcification in hard tissues is primarily motivated by the rising number of elderly individuals afflicted with age-related ailments. Bioceramics, such as calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses, and glass ceramics, exhibit considerable potential in closely mimicking the structure of original calcified tissues when constructing scaffolds for repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or regenerating diseased body parts. These biomaterials have shown promising applications in calcified tissue engineering in recent years. This review covers the fundamental requirements of bioceramics for biomedical purposes and provides an extensive examination of the latest developments in bioceramics and composites, encompassing tissue engineering and drug delivery. The review concludes by underscoring the need for future research endeavors, particularly in the realm of fabricating scaffolds for tissue engineering utilizing nanotechnology.
Kirubanandan Shanmugam (Fri,) studied this question.