The Intersection of Livestock Production and Public Health: Policy Challenges and Solutions

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore the intersection of livestock production and public health, that is, policy challenges and solutions. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to livestock production and public health. Preliminary empirical review revealed that comprehensive, interdisciplinary policies were necessary to address the multifaceted challenges posed by livestock farming. It emphasized the importance of frameworks like One Health, which recognize the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The study highlighted the significance of stringent regulation and surveillance to manage public health risks, particularly concerning antimicrobial resistance and foodborne illnesses. Additionally, it stressed the need for continuous research and innovation to address evolving challenges, such as climate change and changing dietary preferences. Overall, the study underscored the importance of collaborative efforts to develop sustainable solutions that balance public health protection with economic and environmental considerations. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The One Health Theory, Risk Analysis Framework and Social-Ecological Systems Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the intersection of livestock production and public health, that is, policy challenges and solutions. The study provided several recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy in the field. It emphasized the adoption of theoretical frameworks like One Health to better understand the complex interactions between human, animal, and environmental health. In practice, the study recommended implementing evidence-based strategies such as sustainable farming practices to mitigate public health risks associated with livestock production. From a policy perspective, it called for the development of comprehensive regulations and surveillance mechanisms to safeguard public health. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of international collaboration, research, and stakeholder engagement in addressing global challenges in this area. Overall, these recommendations aimed to promote sustainable livestock production while protecting public health and the environment. Keywords: Livestock Production, Public Health, Regulation, Surveillance, One Health, Sustainability, Stakeholder Engagement, Environmental Health, Zoonotic Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance