Abstract In response to the water hammer problem caused by the closure of end valves in long-distance gravity-flow water transmission systems, taking a long-distance gravity-flow water project in Xinjiang as an example, this study investigated the influence of pipeline diameter and material on water hammer pressure at the end of the pipeline using numerical simulation methods. The effects of several different combinations of protective measures, such as changing pipeline characteristics, installing air chambers, and air valves, on water hammer pressure were compared, and a more optimal protection scheme was proposed. The results show that changing the diameter and material of the pipeline at the end of the line will affect the maximum water hammer pressure, with the pipeline diameter being inversely proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure, while the roughness coefficient is directly proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure. By comparing the protective effects of different water hammer protection devices, it was found that a combination of "air chambers, air valves, overpressure relief valves, and changing pipeline characteristics" can effectively mitigate both positive and negative pressures generated by water hammer, while also reducing the volume of air chambers and the number of air valves required. Changing the diameter and material of certain sections of the pipeline is an economical and safe protection scheme, which can provide reference for similar water transmission projects.
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Zhang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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