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Abstract In this study, a comprehensive examination of wind-hydrogen energy systems is conducted through detailed techno-economic analysis and sensitivity analysis. The primary emphasis is on optimizing operation and maintenance (O&M) strategies and understanding the impacts of market dynamics. Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, we first identify the optimal intelligent O&M plan, leading to significant reductions in annual O&M costs (39. 9/MW) and downtime (6. 59 days per turbine) compared to conventional methods. The incorporation of prognostics and health management (PHM) further demonstrate a notable impact, leading to a 9. 9% reduction in O&M costs and a 10. 7% decrease in downtime. In the broader context, these outcomes translate into reductions in the O&M expenditures, total lifecycle costs of the system, Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) by 3. 9%, 0. 75%, 2. 4%, and 1. 8%, respectively, highlighting the economic benefits of intelligent O&M strategies. The extensive sensitivity analysis, encompassing 54 scenarios, delves into the effects of maintenance strategies, hydrogen prices, wind energy share, and subsidies, revealing nuanced insights into cost savings and operational efficiencies. Notably, intelligent maintenance and favorable hydrogen subsidies effectively reduce LCOH, while the interplay between wind energy share and hydrogen pricing influences system profitability and efficiency, underscoring the complex dynamics at play in optimizing renewable energy systems.
Li et al. (Sat,) studied this question.