Association of Plasma Sialic Acid concentrations with Diabetic Nephropathy in Syrian Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health issue, often leading to microvascular complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy, a major cause of chronic kidney disease. The objective of this research was to assess the association between plasma Sialic Acid (SA) levels and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), along with other laboratory indicators of the Diabetic Nephropathy in Syrian patients.Materials and Methods: The research conducted from 2022 to 2023, involved 115 participants divided into 3 groups: 33 T2DM patients without complications, 52 with Diabetic Nephropathy, and 30 healthy controls. Parameters like Plasma Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Urine Microalbumin were measured using spectrophotometry. SA levels were determined using Ehrlich's method, and eGFR was calculated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula.Results: T2DM patients, especially those with Nephropathy, showed significant increases in plasma Glucose, SA, CRP, Creatinine, Urea, and Urine Microalbumin compared to controls. A positive correlation was observed between SA levels and these parameters, with a notable negative correlation with eGFR.Conclusion: Plasma SA levels are significantly elevated in T2DM patients with Nephropathy and show a positive association with CRP levels. These findings suggest that SA could be a potential biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy, offering a predictive tool for early diagnosis and preventive strategies for managing this complication.