Morphophysiological Responses Related to Rice Yield under Water Shortage Conditions

Water constraints due to climate change are a problem in increasing rice production.Paddy fields face drought, which could reduce rice productivity while population requires more food.Selecting adaptive rice cultivars on fields with sufficient water and lack of water is one of the quick mitigation strategies to overcome the problem.This study aimed to identify morphophysiological responses and their relationship with yields in paddy fields and dry lands.The study used randomized completed block design (RCBD) with rice cultivar and field conditions as factors.Two different locations were used, namely paddy fields and dry land.Ten rice cultivars consisting of lowland rice and upland rice (Inpari 32, Inpari 43, IPB 3S, Ciherang, Way Apo Buru, IR 64, Inpago 10, IPB 9G, Intani 605, and Mapan 05) were planted.Combined variance analysis determined the effects of field conditions and cultivars.The results showed that field conditions significantly affected morphological characters, reduction in plant height and delay in days to flowering.Deficit water increased the percentage of empty grains and also led to a reduction in rice yield.Cultivar IPB 3S, IPB 9G, and Inpago 10 showed the lowest percentage of yield reduction in dry land compared to paddy fields at 29%, 30%, and 47%.These cultivars were thought to have stable yield characteristic and tolerance in paddy fields or dry land.