Analytical Investigation of Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Permeable Shrinking Sheet

The flow and heat transfer of Cu-Al 2 O 3 /water hybrid nanofluid over a shrinking sheet were investigated taking account of the magnetic field, suction, variable heat sink, and thermal radiation. At first, the governing equations were completely changed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with proper transformations. The novelty of this investigation is that the ODEs were analytically solved and the dual characteristics of flow properties and heat transfer were graphically presented. Results revealed that an increase in the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles ( φ 2 ), magnetic parameter ( M ), and suction parameter ( S ) caused an increase in the local skin friction coefficient (Re x 1/2 C f ), local Nusselt number (Re x -1/2 Nu x ) and region of the existence of dual solutions. With the increase of φ 2 , M , and S , fluid velocity increased and temperature decreased. Contrary to this, the converse was observed for increasing the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles ( φ 1 ). These findings indicated that with proper tuning of these parameters, the cooling rate of a shrinking sheet could be controlled and the possible working conditions of a system might be increased.