Impact of Change Orders on Waste Material of Road Construction Project

Change orders in road construction project are a contributing factor to wastage, a concern underscored in recommendations for waste materials. The significant impact of change orders on waste materials becomes evident in various project phases, including implementation, handling, planning, procurement, and contractual aspects. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of change orders on waste materials, providing insights into the influential role across critical aspects of road construction projects. A dual approach was adopted, incorporating both interview and questionnaire methods, with the questionnaire’s design established through the application of the Delphi method. The design was subsequently validated by experts following a series of tests, ensuring its effective distribution to a diverse audience, including consultants, contractors, and owners. The calculations were conducted using Factor Analysis and were analyzed with the assistance of SEM PLS 4.0. This comprehensive approach facilitated a thorough exploration of the research methodology and data analysis process.