Effects of Changes in Lighting on Color Perception of 3D Objects

In order to minimize and efficiently utilize the difference in color perception between flat and 3D objects depending on the lighting, this study compared the effect of lighting on color perception of three-dimensional objects with that of flat surfaces, and analyzed the color perception according to the color attribute level. Differences in color perception were analyzed. The experiments were conducted in two different lighting conditions: Target Spot Light and Omni Light. The experiments involved color matching using red, blue, green, and yellow on both flat surfaces and three-dimensional objects. This was implemented in 3D according to the saturation and brightness levels, and differences in perception were evaluated and compared. As a result of the analysis, first, omni light was found to have a greater impact on color perception in green and saturation levels 1 and 2 for green, and saturation level 1 for yellow than target spot light. Second, it was analyzed that the 2 levels of green brightness in the target spot light and the 2 levels of red brightness in the omni light, were identical in perceiving the colors of flat and three-dimensional objects. Omni Light analyzed that blue does not match the color perception of flat and three-dimensional objects. It was analyzed that the colors of low value were perceived as identical. Third, regardless of the lighting environment, the color difference in the brightest part of all colors was found to have the greatest influence on determining the identity of color perception of flat and three-dimensional objects. The interplay of light and shade on an object is crucial in color perception. In lighting that lacks a clear contrast between light and shade, the saturation of color perception tends to be lower.