The presented work focuses on experimental analyses of the influence of biofuels on the injection characteristics of a common rail injection system. Mineral diesel fuel, neat biodiesel fuel made from rapeseed oil and hydrotreated vegetable oil are addressed. Attention is focused on the injection characteristics which significantly influence the engine characteristics and subsequently the exhaust emissions. The injection rate, and the cycle injection quantity are studied across a range of injection pressures and injector energising duration. The fuel injection rates were measured and analysed using an injection rate measuring system based on the Bosch method. The measurement concept is based on measuring the change in the pressure by the injection of fuel into a long measuring tube filled with fuel. This pressure change is proportional to the fuel injection rate. The tested biodiesel shows lower injection rates at the stable injection period in the volumetric injection rate curves, but the mass injection rates among all test fuels are quite close. Injection delay was longer by injection of biodiesel than by injection of other fuels tested. The injector energizing time significantly influences the shape of the injection rate curve. The actual injection duration in all cases exceeded the injector energising pulse duration. The results show that the fuel density is the main property that affects the injection process. Fuel viscosity also affects, but to a lesser extent, the injector mass flow rate since it changes the coefficient of friction.
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Slavinskas et al. (2024) studied this question.
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