The diminishing agricultural land due to residential and industrial conversion necessitates innovative horticultural cultivation methods like hydroponics on limited spaces. This study presents advancements in utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology for remote monitoring and control of water pumps via mobile phones. The experimental setup includes an ESP32 microcontroller, an ADS1115 module for current and voltage measurements from solar panels, a solar charger controller, and an Anself submersible pump (240L/H). Results demonstrate optimal performance of time-based on/off control and smartphone-based monitoring. The recommended solar panel charging timeframe is 07:00 to 16:00, generating 34Wh of electrical energy with 96.7% current and 97% voltage accuracy readings from the ADS1115 sensor. This research contributes to enhancing hydroponic systems' efficiency and sustainability through IoT integration.
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Muchlason et al. (2024) studied this question.
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