The Concept of Industrial Revolutions: the Contribution of N. Wiener and A.I. Anchishkin

The article examines the concepts of two industrial revolutions by the founder of cybernetics, N. Wiener, and three industrial revolutions by the founder of the Russian school of macroeconomic forecasting, academician A.I. Anchishkin, in the context of the evolution of economic concepts of the second Industrial Revolution and the scientific and technical revolution (STR). The shift in the meaning of the concept of the second industrial revolution is revealed – from the reformist synonym of the STR to a retrospective characterization of global shifts in technology and the world economy during the second half of the XIX century and early XX century. Special attention is paid to the infrastructural aspects of the second industrial revolution. The contribution of the Russian political economist A.I. Chuprov and the founder of graphic neoclassicism A. Marshall to their understanding is emphasized.