Low-carbon scheduling of park-level integrated energy systems considering carbon trading mechanisms and demand response

To comprehensively investigate the impact of demand-side adjustability on carbon emission reduction, this paper introduces a park-level integrated energy system(PLIES), integrating considerations for both the carbon trading mechanism and demand response. Initially, demand response is classified into price-based and alternative-based categories based on load characteristics. Subsequently, the paper establishes a price-based demand response model incorporating the price elasticity matrix, and an alternative-based demand response model considering the interconversion of multiple loads like cooling, heating, and electricity. The baseline method is then applied to allocate carbon emission allowances for the system, accounting for actual emissions from the gas turbine, gas boiler, and absorption refrigeration unit. The developed model is suitable for the PILES, encompassing a carbon trading mechanism that considers actual emissions from various equipment. Finally, a low-carbon dispatching model for the PLIES is formulated, aiming to minimize the sum of energy purchase costs, carbon trading costs, and operation and maintenance costs. The paper validates the model through four typical scenarios, analyzing the impacts of different carbon trading prices, operation costs, and carbon emissions. The key conclusion emphasizes the importance of establishing a reasonable carbon trading price to achieve synergy between system economy and low carbon.