Structural, dielectric, electrical, and energy storage properties of Mn‐doped Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO₃ ceramics

A conventional solid‐state reaction route was utilized for the fabrication of Ba 0.55 Sr 0.45 Ti 1− x Mn x O 3 ( x = .004, .006, .008, .01, and .015) ceramics. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms revealed pseudo‐cubic structural symmetry with a single phase. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed fine grain morphology for x = .006, while an obvious increase in grain size was detected at x > .006. A high‐energy storage density ( W s ) of 2.47 J cm −3 and a recoverable energy density ( W rec ) of 1.36 J cm −3 at an applied electric field of 220 kV cm −1 were achieved for x = .006. An impedance spectroscopic study showed the electrical response relationship with microstructure. The observed two semicircles in Nyquist plots are an indication of the contribution of grains (bulk) and grain boundaries as a resistive medium for conduction of charge carriers, which led to enhanced the capability in capacitor applications.