Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3 Ceramics Through Doping Bi(Li1/3Zr2/3)O3

The (1−x)Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3−xBi(Li1/3Zr2/3)O3 (x = 0.03–0.15) ceramics were fabricated via the traditional solid reaction method. Characterization results revealed that each component exhibited a pure perovskite structure, and the average grain size significantly diminishes with increasing x. The (1−x)Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3−xBi(Li1/3Zr2/3)O3 ceramics exhibited prominent relaxor ferroelectric behavior, whose characteristic narrow hysteresis loops effectively enhanced the energy storage performance of the material. Most importantly, the composition with x = 0.10 demonstrated exceptional energy storage properties at 150 kV/cm, achieving a high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 1.91 J/cm3) and excellent energy efficiency (η = 90.87%). Under the equivalent electric field, this composition also displayed a superior pulsed discharge performance, including a high current density (871 A/cm2), a high power density (67.3 MW/cm3), an ultrafast discharge time (t0.9 = 109 ns), and a discharged energy density of 1.47 J/cm3. These results demonstrate that the (1−x)Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3−xBi(Li1/3Zr2/3)O3 ceramic system establishes a promising design paradigm for the creation and refinement of next-generation dielectrics for pulse power applications.