Simultaneous achievement of high energy storage density and efficiency in (1-x) Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3- xBi (Mg2/3Nb1/3) O3 ceramic under low electric field

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The present work explores the role of Bi (Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 ) O 3 (BMN) modification in tailoring the energy storage performance capacity and efficiency of Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 (BCZT) ceramics under lower electric field. The solid solutions (1- x ) BCZT- x BMN were prepared through the solid-state synthesis process. The structural phase evolution from tetragonal towards a pseudo-cubic configuration was evidenced by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld-refinement. Surface morphology, characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, indicate higher BMN inclusion into the BCZT matrix results in notable grain refinement, reflected by reduction in mean grain size. Raman spectroscopy validates that integration of BMN results in generation of monophase perovskite lattice, characterized by structural transition from mixed phase to cubic configuration. Dielectric measurement of modified ceramics shows that dielectric maximum decreases as BMN content increases. Frequency-dependent dielectric constant exhibiting a clear signature of relaxor property, and the relaxation mechanism was deduced by using modified Debye, power model, and Vogel-Fulcher relationship. The polarization-electric field study was utilized to probe the ferroelectric switching behaviour. Among the various compositions synthesized, x = 0.075 possesses a significant recoverable energy density (W rec ) of 1.66 Jcm −3 and impressive efficiency (η) of 94% at 104 kV cm −1 . The composition also shows excellent thermal stability, significant fatigue endurance of 10 5 cycles, stable P-E behaviour over a broad frequency and temperature range, and good discharging parameters making it ideal for energy storage applications. The W rec /E A value has been compared with other BT based ceramics and the present composition is found to be one of the suitable materials for pulsed power capacitor (PPC) application under low electric field.