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A highly dynamic grid with less inertia requires fast and precise measurements and tools to analyze the system state and to react fast on disturbances and contingencies. To implement modern devices and algorithms for power system operation, it is necessary to test them in an environment close to the real system. Such environment is introduced using a real time simulator connected through a cutting-edge communication infrastructure to a control center. Phasor measurements are used to introduce and test the hybrid state estimation as well as wide area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) functionalities. The main focus is the laboratory setup and the possibilities of the communication infrastructure.
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Glende et al. (2024) studied this question.
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