Endocan: A Novel Biomarker in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [A Cross-Sectional Study]

Background: Clinical parameters are used to diagnose periodontal disease. However, new technical advances in diagnostics for assessing periodontal status are utilizing objective biomarkers. Recently, a number of biomarkers have been identified to predict periodontitis status. Endocan is a novel pro-inflammatory biomarker that is thought to give an insight on periodontal disease status. Objective: Evaluation of Endocan level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of stage 1 and 2 periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: 42 patients with stage 1 and 2 periodontitis were divided into two groups: 23 patients with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (CT2DM-P) and 19 systemically healthy periodontitis patients (H-P). Endocan level in GCF, periodontal parameters, and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value were measured. Biochemical analysis of Endocan level was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: GCF Endocan level was significantly higher in the CT2DM-P group than in the H-P group. Mean pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing percentage (BOP%) were higher in the CT2DM-P group. Endocan was positively correlated to CAL, BOP%, and HbA1c in both groups, with Endocan and BOP% having a moderate correlation in the CT2DM-P group and Endocan and HbA1c having a strong correlation in the H-P group. Conclusion: Endocan levels, PPD, CAL, and BOP% in CT2DM-P group were higher than H-P group. Positive correlations between BOP%, Glycated hemoglobin and Endocan were also observed.