Association of Intraocular Pressure with HbA1C Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic in our country and worldwide. It is an important risk factor for raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Raised IOP is associated with a potentially blinding condition known as glaucoma. Identification of risk factors is a mainstay in the prevention and early detection of glaucoma. Aim & objectives: To determine the association of IOP with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus & to identify patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus who are at risk of developing glaucoma. Materials & methods: A cross -sectional study was performed on 60 patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Detailed ocular examination & measurement of IOP by Goldmann's applanation tonometer was done to all patients. The HbA1c levels of these patients were documented. The patients were allocated in 2 groups, based on HbA1c levels <7% in Group 1 & HbA1c levels ≥7% in Group 2. Results: Out of 60 patients, there were 39 males (65%) & 21 females (35%). The mean HbA1c level in Group 1 was 6.0 ± 0.4 % & in Group 2 was 8.6 ± 1.1 %. The mean IOP in Group 1 was 12.1± 1.2 mmHg & in Group 2 was 16.3 ± 2.2 mmHg. The difference of IOP in both groups was statistically significant (p<0.005). Conclusion: Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control revealed higher IOP compared to those with good glycemic control (lower HbA1c levels). Thus, in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, regular screening for IOP and monitoring of HbA1c levels may be useful in assessing the potential risk of developing glaucoma and reducing ocular comorbidity.