Influence of Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Course of Periodontal Diseases

The most common chronic systemic autoimmune disease of connective tissue is rheumatoid arthritis, the incidence of which is up to 50% (in Russia). The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is still not known for certain. Scientists pay special attention to searching and studying the factors influencing the occurrence of this disease. Researchers are interested in periodontitis as a likely factor in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The literature presents limited data on the study of the characteristics of the course of dental diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which indicates the need for further study of this issue and clarification of the relationships between the intensity of caries, the condition of periodontal tissues and the temporomandibular joint in this category of patients. The study of these issues is of scientific and practical interest, as it allows us to improve the methods of diagnosis and monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by a dentist. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the course of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods. The methodology of the scientific research is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature in the eLIBRARY databases; basic and additional methods of examining the patient were carried out. During the clinical examination, we assessed the general condition of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis, his dental and periodontal status. Results and discussion. A clinical examination of a patient with somatic pathology was carried out. Microorganisms of periodontal pockets were determined, the data obtained were compared with a patient who does not have a systemic disease. Conclusions. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis generally have a thin gingival biotype. Immunological parameters of oral fluid (IgA) in rheumatoid arthritis decrease, which indicates a lack of local and general immunity and leads to damage to periodontal tissue. In the future, this scientific research will help us develop optimal methods for diagnosing and treating patients with autoimmune disease.