Investigation of mallow oil-entrapped alginate/chitosan liposomes in human lung carcinoma cells

Nowadays, drug delivery systems are designed to increase therapeutic effectiveness and reduce cytotoxic effects. Thanks to the tannins, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and flavonoids found in their extracts, plants belonging to the Malvaceae family can be used as nutraceuticals in the treatment of many diseases. In this study, two different extractions of the Mallow plant were performed, alginate/chitosan encapsulations were synthesized and characterized. The potential antiproliferative activity of the extracts and suspended liposomes was examined in the A549 cell line. Characteristic peaks were detected in FT-IR analyzes proving that extract and liposome packaging took place. The entrapment efficiency and content of the extract in the capsules (liposome 1 and 2) are respectively; It was determined as 87.64%, 3.94%, 91.56% and 5,24%. It was determined that 90% of the entrapped extract was released after approximately 40 h in both liposome applications. IC50 values were calculated with the CCK-8 method. According to the results, IC50 values for extracts 1 and 2 were found to vary between 103 and 147 μg/mL in the first 24 h and the effects of the extract increased as a result of encapsulation. It was also determined that IC50 values decreased to concentrations of 41–39 μg/mL, respectively. Treatment of A549 cells with capsules resulted in dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. Over time, the capsule secreted more extract, and the extract released over time gradually increased in 48 h, causing more cell death.