Evolution of the city borders of st. Petersburg – Leningrad (END OF 19th – 20th centuries): causes and consequences

The article is devoted to determining the causes and results of changes in the urban boundaries of St. Petersburg - Leningrad from the late 1870s to the early 1990s. Object of study: spatial and administrative boundaries of St. Petersburg-Leningrad, formed during this period. Purpose of the article: to determine the reasons for changes in the city boundaries of St. Petersburg - Leningrad since the late 1870s. – the period of development of local self-government, until the early 1990s. – the end of the Soviet period and analysis of the results of these changes. Objectives of the article: 1) identification of problems and proposals for establishing the city boundaries of St. Petersburg - Petrograd from the 1870s to 1917; 2) consideration and analysis of the General Plans of Leningrad of the 1920s – 1930s. to determine the causes and consequences of changes in city boundaries during this period; 3) analysis of changes in city boundaries in the post-war General Plans of Leningrad in 1948 and 1966. in connection with the new direction of development of the city “Towards the Bay”; 4) determining the reasons for the stabilization of the city borders of Leningrad by the beginning of the 1990s. – the end of the Soviet period of city development. Scientific novelty of the article: it consists in determining the causes, consequences and analysis of the results of the evolution of the urban boundaries of St. Petersburg - Leningrad from the 1870s to the early 1990s. influenced by the socio-economic and political conditions of this period.