Enhancing Patch Antenna Performance through the Integration of Inverted U-Slots

Abstract This paper presents an in-depth investigation of a multiband inverted U-slots patch antenna design, employing an FR4 substrate with a height of 1.6 mm. The antenna's performance was thoroughly assessed through simulations conducted using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. Impressively, this antenna exhibits outstanding performance in terms of Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) across multiple frequency bands. The ingenious U-slot design of the antenna enables the generation of six distinct frequencies within the S and C bands, each displaying remarkable return loss values of -30.86 dB, -43.80 dB, -26.42 dB, -22.27 dB, -20.25 dB, and − 15.05 dB, all with substantial bandwidth. These results indicate exceptional impedance matching, as return loss values consistently remain well below − 10 dB, with corresponding VSWR values consistently below 2, with a particularly noteworthy VSWR value of 1.0130 corresponding to the return loss of -43.80 dB. This demonstrates exceptional power transfer efficiency and minimal signal reflection, highlighting the antenna's capabilities to find applications in medical telemetry applications, smart home automation, and various other wireless communication domains.