Frequently, aggressiveness and violence are used as synonymous.However, these are two complex and different phenomena that scientists and philosophers have studied.In this paper, we make a difference between aggressiveness and violence.Aggressiveness must be considered utilitarian behavior that harms or destroys objects or subjects.Aggressiveness is a primitive way to conduct, and here, we discuss anatomic and functional encephalic systems.This involuntary and instinctive behavior is triggered when the animal is required to hunt a press, defend its territory when young, or compete for a mate for reproductive purposes.The aggressiveness will be violence when it pursues a social, political, economic, or criminal goal.A violent or aggressive act is not distinguished by the outcome but by intentionality.Indeed, a violent action could have the same material consequences as an aggressive act with a different goal.Aggression-violence is a biological phenomenon and the result of culture, societal life, political relations, and current moral conditions.We often tend to simplify the phenomena, and we have discussed aggressiveness-violence, but there are also other phenomena, such as empathy and mirror behavior.Empathy, compassion, and affection should be studied alongside the aggressive-violent process.
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Jiménez-Ponce et al. (2024) studied this question.
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