L2 motivation and self regulated learning: An integrated model

Motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) are interrelated constructs. Motivation can be a precursor, a mediator, and an outcome of SRL. In L2 learning, the interrelatedness of motivation and self-regulation has long been recognized (Dörnyei, 2005). However, a conceptualization of the connections is lacking. This article models the L2 motivation–SRL relationship. Drawing a distinction between personal and social sources of motivation (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2008), attention is directed to variation in self-evaluation processes. With a focus on self-evaluation where social standards provide points of reference (Higgins, 1990), and drawing on a model where connections between the self-system and SRL are conceptualized at the timescale of working cognition (McCombs & Marzano, 1990), a model of the L2 motivation–SRL relationship is presented. The model identifies paths of influence relating to (i) self-evaluation focused on personal criteria, and (ii) self-evaluation where reference points are provided by social standards. The model provides a conceptual framework for systemically structured investigation, a heuristic for the interpretation of research findings, and a tool to support L2 learners' motivation and SRL. Explanations of how socially focused self-appraisal can promote proactive learning behaviours are provided.