Torsion of Q-curves over number fields of small odd prime degree

We determine all groups which occur as torsion subgroups of Q-curves defined over number fields of degrees $3$, $5$ and $7$. In particular, we prove that every torsion subgroup of a Q-curve defined over a number field of degree $3,5$ or $7$ already occurs as a torsion subgroup of an elliptic curve with rational j-invariant. As the quadratic case has been solved by Le Fourn and Najman, and the case of extensions of prime degree greater than $7$ has been solved by Cremona and Najman, this paper completes the classification of torsion of Q-curves over number fields of prime degree. We also establish that the torsion subgroup an elliptic curve over a number field K of prime degree which is isogenous to an elliptic curve with rational j-invariant is equal to the torsion subgroup of some elliptic curve defined over a degree p number field with rational j-invariant.