Concurrent primary mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute myeloid leukemia: Case report of sustained remission and review of the literature

Pediatric Blood & CancerEarly View e31012 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Concurrent primary mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute myeloid leukemia: Case report of sustained remission and review of the literature Kristina Zalewski, Corresponding Author Kristina Zalewski [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0001-6003-9164 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Correspondence Kristina Zalewski, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEvan Cantor, Evan Cantor orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-9734 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA Department of Pediatrics, UCONN School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoland Chu, Roland Chu Department of Hematology and Oncology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorRajen Mody, Rajen Mody orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-1779 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorGreg Yanik, Greg Yanik Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorLaura Sedig, Laura Sedig orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-2236 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this author Kristina Zalewski, Corresponding Author Kristina Zalewski [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0001-6003-9164 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Correspondence Kristina Zalewski, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEvan Cantor, Evan Cantor orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-9734 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA Department of Pediatrics, UCONN School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USASearch for more papers by this authorRoland Chu, Roland Chu Department of Hematology and Oncology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorRajen Mody, Rajen Mody orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-1779 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorGreg Yanik, Greg Yanik Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorLaura Sedig, Laura Sedig orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-2236 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 April 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31012Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Barr RD, Holowaty EJ, Birch JM. Classification schemes for tumors diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Cancer. 2006; 106: 1425-1430. doi:10.1002/cncr.21773 10.1002/cncr.21773 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Kaatsch P, Häfner C, Calaminus G, Blettner M, Tulla M. Pediatric germ cell tumors from 1987 to 2011: incidence rates, time trends, and survival. Pediatrics. 2015; 135(1): e136-e143. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1989 10.1542/peds.2014-1989 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3Hartmann JT, Nichols CR, Droz JP, et al. Hematologic disorders associated with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000; 92(1): 54-61. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.1.54 10.1093/jnci/92.1.54 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Nichols CR, Roth BJ, Heerema N, Griep J, Tricot G. Hematologic neoplasia associated with primary mediastinal germ cell tumors. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 1425-1429. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005173222004 10.1056/NEJM199005173222004 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5John S, Adnan MA, Khalil MO, et al. Mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia—a systematic review of cases reported in the literature. Blood. 2014; 124(21):3694. doi:10.1182/blood.V124.21.3694.3694 10.1182/blood.V124.21.3694.3694 Web of Science®Google Scholar 6Felix CA. Secondary leukemias induced by topoisomerase-targeted drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998; 1400(1-3): 233-255. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00139-0 10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00139-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7Ratain MJ, Rowley JD. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to inhibitors of topoisomerase II: from the bedside to the target genes. Ann Oncol. 1992; 3(2): 107-111. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058121 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058121 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8Orazi A, Neiman RS, Ulbright TM, et al. Hematopoietic precursor cells within the yolk sac tumor component are the source of secondary hematopoietic malignancies in patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors. Cancer. 1993; 71(12): 3873-3881. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<3873::aid-cncr2820711214>3.0.co;2-1 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<3873::AID-CNCR2820711214>3.0.CO;2-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9Lu C, Riedell P, Miller CA, et al. A common founding clone with TP53 and PTEN mutations gives rise to a concurrent germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2016; 2(1):a000687. 10.1101/mcs.a000687 PubMedGoogle Scholar 10Ladanyi M, Samaniego F, Reuter VE, et al. Cytogenetic immunohistochemical evidence for the germ cell origin of a subset of acute leukemias associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990; 82 (3): 221-227, doi:10.1093/jnci/82.3.221 10.1093/jnci/82.3.221 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11Orazi A, Neiman RS, Ulbright TM, et al. Hematopoietic precursor cells within the yolk sac tumor component are the source of secondary hematopoietic malignancies in patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors. Cancer. 1993; 71(12): 3873-3881. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<3873::aid-cncr2820711214>3.0.co;2-1 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<3873::AID-CNCR2820711214>3.0.CO;2-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, et al. Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol. 2017; 96(9): 1435-1439. doi:10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13Taylor J, Donoghue MT, Ho C, et al. Germ cell tumors and associated hematologic malignancies evolve from a common shared precursor. J Clin Invest. 2020; 130(12): 6668-6676. doi:10.1172/JCI139682 10.1172/JCI139682 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14Urbini M, Schepisi G, Bleve S, et al. Primary mediastinal and testicular germ cell tumors in adolescents and adults: a comparison of genomic alterations and clinical impressions. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(20): 5223. doi:10.3390/cancers13205223 10.3390/cancers13205223 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15Robinson D, Wu YM, Lonigro R, et al. Integrative clinical genomics of metastatic cancer. Nature. 2017; 548: 297-303. doi:10.1038/nature23306 10.1038/nature23306 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16Mody RJ, Wu Y, Lonigro RJ, et al. Integrative clinical sequencing in the management of refractory or relapsed cancer in youth. JAMA. 2015; 314(9): 913-925. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10080 10.1001/jama.2015.10080 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 17Hirai Y, Yoshimasu T, Oura S, Okamura Y. Mediastinal germ cell tumor with acute myeloid leukemia and growing teratoma syndrome. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2011; 12(1): 96-97. doi:10.1510/icvts.2010.242867 10.1510/icvts.2010.242867 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18Vasey P, Dunlop D, Kaye S. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute monocytic leukemia occurring concurrently in a 15 year-old boy. Ann Oncol. 1994; 5: 649-652. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058940 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19Hiramatsu H, Morishima T, Nakanishi H, et al. Successful treatment of a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome complicated by mediastinal germ cell tumor and AML(M7). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008; 41: 907-908. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705991 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705991 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20Brahmanday G, Gheorghe G, Jaiyesimi I, et al. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumor evolving into an extramedullary acute megakaryoblastic leukemia causing cord compression. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 4686-4688. 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.5372 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21Ichikawa S, Fujiwara T, Saito K, et al. Salvage cord blood transplantation for sustained remission of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia that relapsed early after myeloablative transplantation. Intern Med. 2021; 60(18): 3015-3019. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.6796-20 10.2169/internalmedicine.6796-20 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22Leonard J, Raess P, Dunlap J, et al. Functional and genetic screening of acute myeloid leukemia associated with mediastinal germ cell tumor identifies MEK inhibitor as an active clinical agent. J Hematol Oncol. 2016; 9: 31. doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0258-1 10.1186/s13045-016-0258-1 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 23Hong H, Su Y, Chen C, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia following a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor. Pediatr Invest. 2020; 4(3): 218-221. doi:10.1002/ped4.12217 10.1002/ped4.12217 PubMedGoogle Scholar 24Akizuki K, Sekine M, Kogure Y, et al. TP53 and PTEN mutations were shared in concurrent germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer. 2020; 20(1): 5. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6497-0 10.1186/s12885-019-6497-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25Yu N, Kim HR, Cha YJ, Park EK, Kim JW. Development of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with isochromosome (12p) after a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2011; 26(8): 1099-1102. doi:10.3346/jkms.2011.26.8.1099 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.8.1099 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26Woodruff K, Wang N, May W, Adrone E, Denny C, Feig SA. The clonal nature of mediastinal germ cell tumors and acute myelogenous leukemia. A case report and review of the literature. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1995; 79(1): 25-31. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(94)00109-o 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00109-O CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 27Keung Y, Liang R, Chiu E. Acute leukemia associated with mediastinal germ cell tumor. De novo vs therapy-related leukemia. 1993; 158(4): 409-412. Google Scholar 28Chapman M, May P, Olavarria E, Melsio E. Three distinct hematological malignancies from a single germ cell tumor: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2020; 14(1): 222. doi:10.1186/s13256-020-02558-8 10.1186/s13256-020-02558-8 PubMedGoogle Scholar 29Kassim Y, Penther D, Schneider P, et al. Malignant transformations in a patient with a mediastinal germ cell tumour: lack of efficacy of bone marrow transplantation after chemotherapy on tumour recurrence. BMJ Case Rep. 2012; 2012:bcr0820114663. doi:10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4663 10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4663 PubMedGoogle Scholar Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issuee31012 ReferencesRelatedInformation