Assessment Of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality Of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular condition. Individuals with CAD frequently experience depression and anxiety, which correlate with adverse outcomes. Depression and anxiety are important predictors of quality of life (QoL) among CAD patients. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and to find the effect of anxiety and depression on the quality of life in patients with CAD visiting cardiology outpatient at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Tribhuvan University from November 2019 to October 2020. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design comprising a total sample size of 96. Socio-demographic and clinical profiles were obtained using a semi-structured proforma. A validated Nepali version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. ICD-10 DCR was further used to categorize anxiety and depressive disorders. Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF. Results: The majority of the participants were of the age group 40-64 years (61.5%) were male (70%) and had a diagnosis of STEMI (57.3%). Anxiety disorder was present in 27.1% and depressive disorder in 20.9% of patients with CAD. The most common anxiety disorder diagnosis was generalized anxiety disorder (11.5%) and the most common depressive disorder diagnosis was a mild depressive episode (12.5%). The WHOQOL-BREF scores were significantly negatively correlated with the HADS A score across domain one (p<0.05) and domain two (p<0.05) and also negatively correlated with the HADS D score across all four domains(p<0.05). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with Coronary Artery Disease suffer from anxiety and depression which adversely impact the QoL.