Standardised Versioning of Datasets: a FAIR–compliant Proposal

Abstract This paper presents a standardised dataset versioning framework for improved reusability, recognition and data version tracking, facilitating comparisons and informed decision-making for data usability and workflow integration. The framework adopts a software engineering-like data versioning nomenclature (“major.minor.patch”) and incorporates data schema principles to promote reproducibility and collaboration. To quantify changes in statistical properties over time, the concept of data drift metrics ( d ) is introduced. Three metrics ( d P , d E , PCA , and d E,AE ) based on unsupervised Machine Learning techniques (Principal Component Analysis and Autoencoders) are evaluated for dataset creation, update, and deletion. The optimal choice is the d E , PCA metric, combining PCA models with splines. It exhibits efficient computational time, with values below 50 for new dataset batches and values consistent with seasonal or trend variations. Major updates (i.e., values of 100) occur when scaling transformations are applied to over 30% of variables while efficiently handling information loss, yielding values close to 0. This metric achieved a favourable trade-off between interpretability, robustness against information loss, and computation time.