The concept of compensation relays has been used for a long time in transmission line distance protection. Compensation relays use the relationship between sequence voltages at the zone boundary to distinguish between internal and external faults. In the traditional power system, when the system connected in two-line terminals can be modelled as synchronous generators, compensation relays work as expected. However, the effectiveness of compensation relays deteriorates when inverter-based resources (IBR) are connected to the transmission line terminal. The impact of IBR on compensation relays is described in thi s paper. Type 3, Type 4, and solar PV IBR are considered in the study for demonstrating the challenges. Different fault scenarios are considered to explain the problem. Additionally, the impact of sampling frequency in those scenarios is also presented in the paper. It can be concluded that compensation relays face problems when connected with IBR with phase-phase faults causing the worst-case scenario.
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Hoq et al. (2024) studied this question.
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