Synthesis and application of metal-organic frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an intriguing class of materials that undergoes self-assembly, originating from polydentate organic ligands. These ligands are primarily composed of aromatic polynucleic acids and polybases, along with transition metal ions. The advancements in MOFs have diversified, employing ligands based on carboxylates or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic neutral ligands, resulting in materials characterized by their increased porosity and remarkable chemical stability. The research provides a comprehensive review of conventional and alternative synthesis methods, highlighting recent techniques such as microwave-assisted, electrochemical, mechanochemical, and sonochemical synthesis. The synthesis methods are discussed in detail, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various techniques available. The versatile properties of MOFs find applications in various fields such as gas adsorption, chemical sensing, catalysis, and drug delivery. The analysis not only deepens the understanding of MOFs' present state but also inspires future innovations in their synthesis and applications. The research also highlights the potential of MOFs in drug delivery, where they can be used as carriers for the delivery of drugs or other therapeutic agents. The comprehensiveness of this research provides a valuable resource for understanding the current state of MOFs research and identifies future directions for innovation in their synthesis and applications.