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This work wass designed to analyze the possibility of heavy metals inducing oxidative stress and biochemical perturbations effect on fresh water fish and their impact directly or indirectly on the human race. Due to continuous drainage of municipal waste, tanneries, and pesticides in Ganga River, lifeline of millions of people is heavily affected. The physico-chemical qualities of Ganga River were analyzed in quarterly basis during year 2018 to 2021, by taking the freshwater sample of different locations in Kanpur. While collecting the sample water the average temperature 27.6°, DO value of selected locations were fairly poor with an average of DO 6.67 mg L-1 and BOD ranged from 11.93 to 20.79 mg L-1. On the other hand the BOD ranged from 11.93 to 20.79 mg L-1 which is far more than WHO standards. Additionally, levels of antioxidants in enzymatic and non-enzymatic tissues serve as proxies for fish exposure to oxidant pollutants. Higher physico-chemical responses indicate contaminants and heavy metals may be playing an important role that have to be considered. The heavy metals are affecting the antioxidant defense system particularly seen in liver and kidney of fish and this affect on kidney and liver functioning as the concentrations of heavy metals rises. The relation between enzymatic activity and the metabolite showing negatively correlation that is noted highly significant to this study (r = -0.87, t = 10.14, p* ≤0.05).
S. S. L. Katiyar (Thu,) studied this question.