Biomonitoring Chromium Contamination in Urban and Rural Topsoils from Leicestershire, England

first_page Download PDF settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessAbstract Biomonitoring Chromium Contamination in Urban and Rural Topsoils from Leicestershire, England † by Gurminderjeet S. JagdevGurminderjeet S. Jagdev SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, María del Carmen Lobo-BedmarMaría del Carmen Lobo-Bedmar SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, María Ángeles Peña FernándezMaría Ángeles Peña Fernández SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 3, Mark D. EvansMark D. Evans SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 and Antonio Peña-FernándezAntonio Peña-Fernández SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1,4,* 1 Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK 2 Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain 3 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain 4 Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † Presented at the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics, 20–22 March 2024; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/IECTO2024. Proceedings 2024, 102(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024102050 Published: 3 April 2024 Download keyboard_arrow_down Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub Download Supplementary Material Versions Notes Keywords: chromium mushrooms; presence and distribution; human risks; Leicestershire A monitoring study was performed to characterise the risks of chromium (Cr) in Leicestershire, England. A total of 106 wild-growing mushrooms were collected from Leicester city and Bradgate Park (a nearby rural park). Cr was monitored via ICP-MS in cleaned/dried/homogenised and appropriately mineralised mushrooms [LoD = 1.012 µg/g dry weight (dw)]. Cr was also monitored in 850 topsoils collected across Leicestershire and processed as composite samples via ICP-MS after acid/microwave digestion (LoD = 3.683 µg/g). Cr was detected in 92.2% of the topsoil samples and 47.1% of the mushroom samples [median and range, in µg/g dw; 0.863 (1.012–19.466)], showing significant distribution across the four ordinal directions in which Leicestershire was divided [SE (1.908) > NW (1.738) > NE (0.987) > SW (LoD); Peto–Prentice test, χ2(2) = 12.4, p-value = 0.002]. These results might suggest some level of Cr pollution in Leicestershire, as they are higher than the proposed reference interval for wild mushrooms that grow in unpolluted areas (0.5–5 µg/g dw). A similar distribution of Cr was found in the monitored topsoils. The highest concentration was found in those collected in the southeast and the lowest in the southwest quadrant (123.137 vs. 20.947 µg/g). Moreover, significantly higher levels were found in topsoils collected in the urban area (median and range, in µg/g; Peto–Prentice test, χ2(1) = 1.1, p-value = 9 × 10−4): 82.542 (3.683–196.795) vs. 32.806 (3.683–265.069). This difference might be attributed to different anthropogenic sources, such as vehicles. All bioconcentration factor values were lower than one, suggesting a low bioaccumulation of Cr in the wild mushrooms species collected in Leicestershire. Toxic risks derived from oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure to Cr from topsoils in the four urban ordinal directions (NW = 1.95 × 10−1, NE = 1.40 × 10−1, SW = 2.53 × 10−1, SE = 4.30 × 10−2) were lower than one, suggesting a minimal risk for Leicester's population. However, speciation analysis would be needed to rule out carcinogenic risks of exposure to hexavalent Cr. Supplementary MaterialsThe following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/proceedings2024102050/s1.Author ContributionsConceptualization, A.P.-F.; methodology, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; validation, G.S.J. and A.P.-F.; formal analysis, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B. and A.P.-F.; investigation, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; resources, A.P.-F. and M.d.C.L.-B.; data curation, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; writing—original draft preparation, A.P.-F.; writing—review and editing, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; visualization, G.S.J., M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; supervision, M.d.C.L.-B., M.Á.P.F., M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; project administration, M.D.E. and A.P.-F.; funding acquisition, M.d.C.L.-B. and A.P.-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.FundingThis work has been funded through the program EIADES: "Technology Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sites" S0505/AMB-0296 and S2009/AMB-1478. Consejería de Educación, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain.Institutional Review Board StatementNot applicable.Informed Consent StatementNot applicable.Data Availability StatementThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to further processing for a future submission as a manuscript.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Jagdev, G.S.; Lobo-Bedmar, M.d.C.; Peña Fernández, M.Á.; Evans, M.D.; Peña-Fernández, A. Biomonitoring Chromium Contamination in Urban and Rural Topsoils from Leicestershire, England. Proceedings 2024, 102, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024102050 AMA Style Jagdev GS, Lobo-Bedmar MdC, Peña Fernández MÁ, Evans MD, Peña-Fernández A. Biomonitoring Chromium Contamination in Urban and Rural Topsoils from Leicestershire, England. Proceedings. 2024; 102(1):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024102050 Chicago/Turabian Style Jagdev, Gurminderjeet S., María del Carmen Lobo-Bedmar, María Ángeles Peña Fernández, Mark D. Evans, and Antonio Peña-Fernández. 2024. "Biomonitoring Chromium Contamination in Urban and Rural Topsoils from Leicestershire, England" Proceedings 102, no. 1: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024102050 Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.