Environmental Bioremediation: Microremediation, Mycoremediation, and Phytoremediation

Global demand for freshwater is increasing yearly. The issues of water pollution due to human activities and natural disasters are jeopardizing the health of living organisms and the environment. When pollutants from different sources are not processed, irresponsible disposal into the natural environment, for instance, removing wastewater residual from the industrial textile factories into the nearby streams, saves the cost for downstream processing. The unethical behaviors and actions contaminate the surrounding soil and water sources and eventually lead to serious side effects, such as exposing the people and living organisms nearby to this toxic accumulation and increasing their risk of experiencing severe side effects if this issue is left untreated. Researchers have conducted necessary studies to develop new advanced methods or enhance the existing techniques by utilizing microbes and phytoremediation. This review focuses on different environmental remediation methods and the involvement of plants in microbes as sustainable and environmentally friendly substances in bioremediation.