Analysis presents bounds for RMD2E in various graph classes, suggesting potential for structural insights.
The energy of graph which is rooted in spectral graph theory, continues to play a pivotal role in structural graph analysis. Motivated by the concept of energy, in this paper we discuss minimum dominating reduced second Zagreb energy. Here we present the most essential upper and lower bounds for RMD 2 E(G). We generalized the energy for several graph classes.
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Anitha et al. (2025) studied this question.
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