TLR-4 Polymorphisms Shows The Genetic Susceptibility to Toxoplasmosis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, presents asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can lead to severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals. Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are crucial in recognizing pathogens like T. gondii. Specifically, TLR-4 gene polymorphisms (rs4986790, rs4986791) may influence susceptibility to toxoplasmosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A case-control study of 150 women categorized into PCOS + toxoplasmosis, PCOS only, toxoplasmosis only, and control groups. TLR-4 SNPs were examined using ARMS PCR. Results: TLR-4 rs4986790 showed no significant difference between PCOS + toxoplasmosis and PCOS only but correlated significantly with toxoplasmosis alone. Rs4986791 showed no significant correlation. Notably, the AG genotype of rs4986790 was more frequent among toxoplasmosis patients than controls, suggesting susceptibility. Discussion: Limited global research on this topic indicates conflicting findings. The rs4986790 SNP may affect TLR4 function, potentially through altered signaling pathways or ligand binding. Mutant TLR4's conformational changes could disrupt ligand docking and signaling pathways, reducing the immune response. Conclusion: The presence of the G allele within TLR-4 rs4986790 polymorphism may decrease TLR-4's interaction with T. gondii, reducing the immune response and increasing susceptibility to infection among AG genotype carriers.