What does this research mean for the field?

Polymorphisms in TLR 4 rs4986790, TLR 4 rs4986791, and TLR 10 rs10004195 significantly contribute to increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate the association between TLR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to H pylori infection.

February 22, 2026Open Access

The association between toll-like receptor gene polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the association between TLR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to H pylori infection.
Conducted comprehensive literature search in multiple databases up to August 2024.
Selected eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria and assessed quality using Newcastle–Ottawa scale.
Estimated pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model in Stata 17.0.
Performed publication bias and sensitivity analyses using SPSSAU.
Included 22 studies with 11,610 participants (6052 subjects and 5558 controls).
Identified significant associations for TLR 4 rs4986790 GG genotype (OR: 2.11) and TLR 4 rs4986791 TT genotype (OR: 4.11).
TLR 10 rs10004195 AA genotype was linked to increased infection risk (OR: 1.64).
TLR 4 rs4986791 showed the strongest influence on H pylori infection risk.

Abstract

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) genes have been implicated in host susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori ) infection. However, the extent to which specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to infection risk remains unclear. This study systematically evaluates the association between several TLR gene polymorphisms ( TLR1 , TLR2 , TLR4 , TLR5 , TLR9 , and TLR10 ) and susceptibility to H pylori infection, with the aim of identifying genetic loci with significant influence. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to August 2024. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and assessed for methodological quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model in Stata 17.0. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were performed using SPSSAU. Results: A total of 22 studies comprising 11,610 participants (6052 experimental subjects and 5558 controls) were included, which examined a total of 10 SNPs of TLR genes. Notably, the TLR 4 rs4986790 GG genotype (recessive model OR: 2.11; homozygous model OR: 1.78), the TLR 4 rs4986791 TT genotype (recessive model OR: 4.11; homozygous model OR: 5.49), and the TLR 10 rs10004195 AA genotype (recessive model OR: 1.64) were significantly associated with increased H pylori infection risk. Among these SNPs, TLR 4 rs4986791 exhibited the strongest influence. Conclusion: The findings indicate that polymorphisms in TLR 4 rs4986790, TLR 4 rs4986791, and TLR 10 rs10004195 significantly contribute to increased H pylori infection susceptibility. These genetic markers may facilitate risk stratification in healthy individuals and inform personalized health interventions based on genetic predisposition.

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