Role of CA-125 and Ultrasound in Prediction of outcome of Threatened Abortion

Background: The term "threatened abortion" refers to a clinically descriptive condition in which women who are less than 20 weeks pregnant experience cervical closure, vaginal spotting or bleeding, and maybe moderate uterine cramping.Ultrasonography and maternal serum cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) appear to be useful biomarkers for early pregnancy outcome prediction in cases of impending miscarriage.Objectives: This work aimed to study the role of serum CA-125 and Ultrasound in early prediction of outcome of threatened abortion.Patients and methods: This case control study was conducted in El-Menoufia University Hospital and El-Warak General Hospital from February 2021 to March 2022.Full history taking, obstetric history, menstrual history, ultrasonography, and serum CA-125 measurements were done for all studied women.Results: Significant area under curve with cutoff > 29 IU/ml showed that CA-125 had a very high reliability of differentiation between the complete abortion group and the control group, aborted cases were highly significant as regards high CA-125 (P=0.000).Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant predictors of threatened abortion were yolk sac diameter (YSD), followed by CA1-25, with OR (95%), p-value [5.014 (1.985-8.068)],p-value < 0.001 ; [3.712 (2.056-6.446),p-value 0.027], while the rest had insignificant predictors of threatened abortion, with p-value (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The use of CA-125 and ultrasound in the first trimester represents a non-invasive, early, and rapid procedure that may be regarded as a good predictor of the outcome of pregnancy in instances with threatening abortion with cut off level more than 29 IU/ML of CA-125.