Serum miRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia

Background: Infertility in couples shows a significant challenge worldwide, with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) being a prevalent condition characterized by defective spermatogenesis. Research into genetic factors contributing to NOA and the exploration of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers are crucial for effective management. Method: Thirty-five NOA men underwent testicular biopsy and physical assessments. Serum miRNA (miR-211, miR-429, miR-34c-5p) levels were measured using RT-PCR to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Results: Among the patients, 77.14% showed positive biopsy results. Serum miR-211 levels were significantly lower in NOA patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), while miR-429 and miR-34c-5p showed slight decreases without significance. ROC analysis revealed diagnostic potential for miR-211. Discussion: Dysregulation of miRNAs, particularly miR-211, has been associated with spermatogenesis disorders. However, limited research exists on miRNA profiles in NOA. Our findings align with previous studies, suggesting miRNA-211's potential as a biomarker. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted. Conclusion: Serum miR-211 demonstrates promise as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for NOA. This study underscores the importance of miRNAs in male infertility diagnostics and lays the groundwork for future research in this area. Developing non-invasive diagnostic techniques is crucial for effective management of male infertility.