Exploring the Differences of Learning Effects of Face-to-Face and Online Lectures

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The shift from an exclusive reliance on systematic learning to experiential learning has gained prominence in Japanese university education.This study examines problem-based learning (PBL) and its role in university management education, including its historical context and distinctive characteristics.Amid these transformative shifts, it is essential to understand the COVID-19 pandemic's impacts, which compelled a transition from face-to-face to distance learning, on the efficacy of PBL education.This study investigates the nuances of students' learning experiences pre-and post-pandemic, shedding light on the evolving dynamics of education.Additionally, it examines the differences in learning effects between online and faceto-face PBL programs and underlines the challenges and potential of remote PBL instruction by focusing on industry-academia collaboration courses offered in first-year education at universities.It provides insights into the future of university education in an increasingly digital world while offering a comprehensive overview of PBL's potential within this changing educational landscape.