The capability of Piper betle leaves ethanolic extract to inhibit neutrophil infiltration in sepsis-induced BALB/c Mice

Background: Sepsis due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli infection requires innovative management to prevent a higher prevalence of meropenem overuse. The antimicrobial effect of Piper betle leaves ethanolic extract has been previously proven and should be tested on sepsis-induced animal models. Objectives: This study assesses the antimicrobial effect of Piper betle leaves ethanolic extract towards the bacterial loads and its anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophil infiltration in the lung, kidney, and liver of sepsis-induced mice. Methods: After sepsis inducement, 3 mg/mL of Piper betle leaves ethanolic extract was administered orally. After the mice died, the bacterial load of the lung, kidney, and liver was measured, while neutrophil infiltration was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: There is no significant decreasing the number of bacterial loads in the treatment group but there is a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils infiltration in the treatment group. Conclusion: Single dose administration of Piper betle leaves ethanolic extract is sufficient to inhibit neutrophil infiltration significantly.