Exploring Contextual Factors around Childhood Immunization in Lebanon at the Level of Primary Care: Barriers and Recommendations from Individuals Residing in Lebanon

The study delves into the complexities of immunization practices in Lebanon, identifying key barriers within a context of economic turmoil and healthcare challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis involving 240 participants across 24 Focus Group Discussions in 16 Primary Healthcare Centers, the research uncovers a nuanced understanding of healthcare utilization, with a particular focus on immunization-seeking behaviors. Notably, the findings reveal a positive disposition towards immunization, albeit with gender disparities in knowledge favoring females. The study highlights several impediments to vaccine uptake, including financial hurdles, scheduling conflicts, perceptions of service quality, and infection control concerns. To mitigate these barriers, the study proposes a set of targeted recommendations aimed at enhancing operational efficiency in Primary Healthcare Centers, bolstering male engagement in immunization initiatives, fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals, and amplifying efforts by the Ministry of Public Health to encourage vaccine acceptance. This strategic approach underscores the need for concerted efforts to improve immunization coverage and, consequently, public health outcomes in Lebanon, particularly considering the exacerbated challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing vaccine shortages.