Leveraging Transportation Providers to Deploy Lay First Responder (LFR) Programs in Three sub-Saharan African Countries without Formal Emergency Medical Services: Evaluating Longitudinal Impact and Cost-Effectiveness

In 2019, the World Health Assembly declared emergency care essential to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Few sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have developed robust approaches to sustainably deliver emergency medical services (EMS) at scale, as high-income country models are financially impractical. Innovative reassessment of EMS delivery in resource-limited settings is necessary as timely emergency care access can substantially reduce mortality.