Performance Optimization of ZnO/CsSnGeI₃/CuSCN Perovskite Solar Cells Using Numerical Approach

Perovskite materials have been proven to be a competent choice for an efficient solar cell. The most used perovskite materials utilize lead as one of the components which impose restrictions over environmental issues. Hence, we have made a careful search for environmentally friendly perovskite materials. Cesium tin-germanium triiodide (CsSnGeI3) is one of the perovskite materials which has shown better efficiency. This study has used Cesium tin-germanium triiodide (CsSnGeI3) as absorber layer, ZnO as an (ETL) and CuSCN as (HTL). We have used Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software for simulation of the proposed solar cell device. To better understand their effects and increase the efficiency of our solar cell, we have changed densities of defect and depth of the perovskite layer, the density of interface defects, and the depth of ETL and HTL. Additionally, we have used different metals as work contact to analyze its effect on our solar cell efficiency. Further, we have investigated the influence of ETL electron affinity variation on the performance of photovoltaic cells. Later, we have also varied the temperature to analyze its influence on solar cell parameters. The preliminary simulation of the solar cell showed the efficiency of 26.06%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.04 V, fill factor (FF) of 88.34% and short-circuit density (J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</inf> ) of 28.32 mA/cm 2 •