Scalable deposition of MASnI₂Br-based perovskite solar cells via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

All layers of MASnI 2 Br-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The depositions of the layers were carried out in a large area. The perovskite thin film deposited on FTO/TiO 2 had large grains. The crystallite size of the film was calculated as 90[Formula: see text]nm from the XRD pattern. The bandgap of 1.54[Formula: see text]eV was determined from the UV-visible measurement of MASnI 2 Br thin film. The PSCs with the different active areas (0.3[Formula: see text]cm 2 and 3.18[Formula: see text]cm 2 ) were fabricated. The champion cells’ power conversion efficiencies were recorded at 0.181% and 0.120% for 0.3[Formula: see text]cm 2 and 3.18[Formula: see text]cm 2 , respectively.