The Resolution of Disputes Concerning the Protection of Civilians in Areas of Engagement in Armed Conflict: Based on the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions

Nowadays, with frequent local wars, the forms and means of armed conflicts are changing. So, when it comes to protecting civilians in war zones, there are often difficulties. These difficulties are caused by a variety of factors, which have often been seen in local wars in recent decades. On the question of who should bear the responsibility for protecting civilians and to what extent, people from different positions often have different answers. This article seeks to build on the Geneva Additional Protocol I to explain why warring parties should follow the principles of distinction and proportionality in conflict and how they can protect the fundamental rights of civilians. Through case analysis and legal analysis, this paper focuses on the changes in the forms and modes of war in recent decades and summarizes the main difficulties in protecting civilians in war zones in today's international environment. At the same time, by interpreting the provisions of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, this paper draws a conclusion that the application of international law norms to implement the principle of distinction and proportionality in armed conflict can protect the basic rights of civilians in war zones in various ways.